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Haruka Sophia Iwao; Sally Andrews; Aaron Veldre – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Evidence of sensitivity to graphotactic and morphological patterns in English spelling has been extensively examined in monolinguals. Comparatively few studies have examined bilinguals' sensitivity to spelling regularities. The present study compared late Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals on their sensitivity to systematic…
Descriptors: Spelling, Morphology (Languages), Monolingualism, Bilingualism
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Qi, Zhenghan; Love, Jessica; Fisher, Cynthia; Brown-Schmidt, Sarah – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Classic studies reveal two striking differences between preschoolers and adults in online sentence comprehension. Adults (a) recruit referential context cues to guide syntactic parsing, interpreting an ambiguous phrase as a modifier if a modifier is needed to single out the intended referent among multiple options, and (b) use late-arriving…
Descriptors: Preschool Teachers, Prediction, Individual Differences, Executive Function
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Navarro, Ester; Macnamara, Brooke N.; Glucksberg, Sam; Conway, Andrew R. A. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2020
The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Error Patterns
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Zhang, Shuai; Hudson, Alida; Ji, Xuejun Ryan; Joshi, R. Malatesha; Zamora, Juan; Gómez-Velázquez, Fabiola R.; González-Garrido, Andrés Antonio – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2021
This study examined Spanish spelling errors among 166 native Spanish-speaking students from Kindergarten to Grade 3 based on a spelling-to-diction task. Fifteen types of spelling errors were analyzed in a latent class analysis. Results suggested three phases of spellers: Phase 1 students had a high chance of committing almost all types of errors.…
Descriptors: Spelling, Spanish Speaking, Elementary School Students, Task Analysis
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Spinelli, Giacomo; Goldsmith, Samantha F.; Lupker, Stephen J.; Morton, J. Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Executive Function, Attention Control, Interference (Language)
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Roebuck, Hettie; Freigang, Claudia; Barry, Johanna G. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2016
Purpose: Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Adults, Children
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Ahn, Seongmee – Applied Language Learning, 2012
Within the input and interaction research paradigm, how learners' individual differences play a role in using learning opportunities during interaction has become one of the main areas of investigation. Recasts have also received much attention in interaction research. This paper explores the extent to which individual differences in grammatical…
Descriptors: Aptitude Tests, Language Aptitude, Grammar, Native Speakers
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Unsworth, Nash; Engle, Randall W. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2006
Complex working memory span tasks have been shown to predict performance on a number of measures of higher-order cognition including fluid abilities. However, exactly why performance on these tasks is related to higher-order cognition is still not known. The present study examined the patterns of errors made on two common complex span tasks. The…
Descriptors: Scoring, Memory, Cues, Error Analysis (Language)