The absence of universally accepted definitions for direct and indirect assessment motivates the purpose of this article: to offer definitions that are literature-based and theoretically driven, meeting K. Lewin's (1945) dictum that, "There is nothing so practical as a good theory" (p. 129). The authors synthesize the literature to…

These protocols represent a working guide for planning and implementing national sample assessments in connection with the national Key Performance Measures (KPMs). The protocols are intended for agencies involved in planning or conducting national sample assessments and personnel responsible for administering associated tenders or contracts,…

To many people, standardized testing means multiple-choice testing. However, some tests contain questions that require the test taker to produce the answer, rather than simply choosing it from a list. The required response can be as simple as the writing of a single word as complex as the design of a laboratory experiment to test a scientific…

In manual assembly work, parts are often assembled by applying force with a simple tool or by hand. A worker thus needs control the force he or she applies in working, as an appropriate level of force is requisite for minimizing work failures and improving efficiency. The object of this study is to clarify the relationship between the level of…

Educational Testing Service, in cooperation with Response Analysis Corporation and MATHEMATICA, is carrying out a research project to describe reading behaviors of American adults and to translate these behaviors into a prototype of tasks for the measurement of adult reading achievement. A household interview survey of a nationally representative…

Examines the problems encountered in evaluating translators' work and attempts to establish criteria for an objective method of evaluation. In this respect, questions the adequacy of traditional correction and revision principles as evaluation procedures and proposes new criteria based on the function and objectives of the evaluation process. (MES)

A distinction is made between program evaluation and project evaluation. The former is used to determine the effectiveness of a particular program or to compare programs. The latter is used in the initial stages of program development to define and monitor progress; to identify problems at an early stage; to record what is done and why; and to…

This paper details the development of the high school general mathematics examination and reading comprehension tests for grades one through eight for the curriculum referenced testing program in Charleston County School District, South Carolina. While the basic developmental approach was similar, problems encountered in developing the two types…

Guidelines, based on an analysis of currently successful work measurement systems found in 10 different Federal agencies, are presented for the development of standards and the use of these data for work measurement. The guidelines were developed in response to significant problems many Federal agency headquarters and staff managers were…

The Charleston County School District (CCSD) has recently begun development of criterion-referenced tests (CRT) in different subject areas and for different grade levels. This paper outlines the process that CCSD followed in the development of math and language arts tests for grades one through eight and area exams for required high school…