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Sun, Xin; Marks, Rebecca A.; Zhang, Kehui; Yu, Chi-Lin; Eggleston, Rachel L.; Nickerson, Nia; Chou, Tai-Li; Hu, Xiao-Su; Tardif, Twila; Satterfield, Teresa; Kovelman, Ioulia – Developmental Science, 2023
How do early bilingual experiences influence children's neural architecture for word processing? Dual language acquisition can yield common influences that may be shared across different bilingual groups, as well as language-specific influences stemming from a given language pairing. To investigate these effects, we examined bilingual English…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Language Acquisition, Second Language Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Menenti, Laura; Segaert, Katrien; Hagoort, Peter – Brain and Language, 2012
Models of speaking distinguish producing meaning, words and syntax as three different linguistic components of speaking. Nevertheless, little is known about the brain's integrated neuronal infrastructure for speech production. We investigated semantic, lexical and syntactic aspects of speaking using fMRI. In a picture description task, we…
Descriptors: Sentences, Speech Communication, Semantics, Syntax
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Schmidt, Gwenda L.; Cardillo, Eileen R.; Kranjec, Alexander; Lehet, Matthew; Widick, Page; Chatterjee, Anjan – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Current research on analogy processing assumes that different conceptual relations are treated similarly. However, just as words and concepts are related in distinct ways, different kinds of analogies may employ distinct types of relationships. An important distinction in how words are related is the difference between associative (dog-bone) and…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Patients, Language Processing
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Watkins, Kate E.; Cowey, Alan; Alexander, Iona; Filippini, Nicola; Kennedy, James M.; Smith, Stephen M.; Ragge, Nicola; Bridge, Holly – Brain, 2012
Imaging studies in blind subjects have consistently shown that sensory and cognitive tasks evoke activity in the occipital cortex, which is normally visual. The precise areas involved and degree of activation are dependent upon the cause and age of onset of blindness. Here, we investigated the cortical language network at rest and during an…
Descriptors: Blindness, Disabilities, Task Analysis, Neurological Organization
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de Vries, Meinou H.; Monaghan, Padraic; Knecht, Stefan; Zwitserlood, Pienie – Cognition, 2008
Embedded hierarchical structures, such as "the rat the cat ate was brown", constitute a core generative property of a natural language theory. Several recent studies have reported learning of hierarchical embeddings in artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks, and described the functional specificity of Broca's area for processing such structures.…
Descriptors: Syntax, Memory, Natural Language Processing, Grammar
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Ruff, Ilana; Blumstein, Sheila E.; Myers, Emily B.; Hutchison, Emmette – Brain and Language, 2008
Previous studies examining explicit semantic processing have consistently shown activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). In contrast, implicit semantic processing tasks have shown activation in posterior areas including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) with less consistent activation in the IFG.…
Descriptors: Semantics, Vocabulary, Diagnostic Tests, Comparative Analysis
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Gor, Kira; Cook, Svetlana – Language Learning, 2010
There is little agreement on the mechanisms involved in second language (L2) processing of regular and irregular inflectional morphology and on the exact role of age, amount, and type of exposure to L2 resulting in differences in L2 input and use. The article contributes to the ongoing debates by reporting the results of two experiments on Russian…
Descriptors: Verbs, Morphology (Languages), Russian, Native Speakers
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Whitney, Carin; Weis, Susanne; Krings, Timo; Huber, Walter; Grossman, Murray; Kircher, Tilo – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
Functional imaging studies of single word production have consistently reported activation of the lateral prefrontal and cingulate cortex. Its contribution has been shown to be sensitive to task demands, which can be manipulated by the degree of response specification. Compared with classical verbal fluency, free word association relies less on…
Descriptors: Semantics, Reading Processes, Language Acquisition, Semiotics
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Schafer, Robin J.; Lacadie, Cheryl; Vohr, Betty; Kesler, Shelli R.; Katz, Karol H.; Schneider, Karen C.; Pugh, Kenneth R.; Makuch, Robert W.; Reiss, Allan L.; Constable, R. Todd; Ment, Laura R. – Brain, 2009
Recent data suggest recovery of language systems but persistent structural abnormalities in the prematurely born. We tested the hypothesis that subjects who were born prematurely develop alternative networks for processing language. Subjects who were born prematurely (n = 22; 600-1250 g birth weight), without neonatal brain injury on neonatal…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intelligence, Body Weight, Reaction Time