To merge the reinforcement and competition approaches and to test the relative efficacy of reward structures, group vs individual rewarding was paired with three amounts of monetary reward for performance. The math performance of college females was consistent with the differential rewarding hypotheses, whereas males were consistent with a…

Major sex differences in occupational and educational attainment are summarized and a rationale and supporting evidence presented for reducing such sex differences by strengthening across-sex task interaction and reward interdependence in school classrooms, thus strengthening across-sex peer influence. An experimental design is suggested, though…

The relative effectiveness of alternative reward structures in strengthening group performance on a cooperative math task was investigated by operationalizing four reward structure treatments--one non-contingent pay treatment and three differential pay allocation treatments including two levels of inter-group competition and a group piece-rate pay…

Presents evidence that the sex gap in both math performance and attraction to math can be reduced by adopting classroom reward and task structures which strengthen the math performance of females without adversely affecting that of males. (Author)