A series of experiments explored the feasibility of substituting listening for reading requirements in Army training and jobs, with special reference to marginally literate, AFQT Mental Category IV men. Results of these experiments and related earlier research are summarized. Major findings indicate that high and low aptitude men may learn certain…

This investigation attempted to clarify the effects of different classes of reinforcement on the size discrimination learning of normal and low achieving third grade middle class boys. The classes of reinforcement consisted of tangible reinforcement, person reinforcement (praise), and performance reinforcement (correctness of response). Each of…

The present experiment provided a test of Fiedler's (1967) Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness, i.e., the relationship of leader style to group effectiveness is mediated by situational demands. Thirty-two 4 man task groups composed of military academy cadets were run in the experiment. In accordance with the Contingency Model, leaders…

This rating scale was completed by employers who were currently employing or who had previously employed Neighborhood Youth Corps personnel. See also TM 000 865. (CK)

This book is primarily concerned with the quality of professional human services. To this topic are addressed two basic questions. First, what does the paraprofessional do? And second, to what effect does this quality relate to the consumer of these services? The book includes seven chapters, in which the following fields are considered:…

The purpose of this federally-funded interim report is to present the results of a task inventory analysis survey of automotive mechanics completed by project staff within the Instructional Systems Design Program at the Center for Vocational and Technical Education. Intended for use in curriculum development for vocational education programs in…

The two experiments reported are part of a series evaluating effects of display parameters, task variables, and operator perceptual limitations on ability of Night Vision Device operators to process visual information quickly and accurately. For untrained observers, target brightness requirements were higher for identification than for detection,…

The relative effectiveness of praise and group competition as motivating incentives affecting task persistence in young children was investigated. As predicted, competition was relatively more effective with 2nd graders than with kindergarten children, with boys than with girls, and with boring tasks than with more ego-involving tasks. However,…

A survey of all hospitals accredited by the American Hospital Association was made to ascertain how the physically handicapped performed at jobs in medical laboratories. Detailed questionnaires were sent to laboratory directors, and the results were processed by computer to determine whether correlations exist between the number of disabled…

A major problem encountered by both teachers and authors of instructional materials is the sequencing of instructional activities. A review of the literature is given and it is pointed out that there is substantial evidence to support the general theory of the hierarchical structure of knowledge. A learning hierarchy for the computational skills…

Data were gathered from 18 superintendents, 15 curriculum directors, 16 principals, 92 department heads, and 120 high school teachers in the state of Delaware regarding their perceptions of high school principals' leadership role in the areas of curriculum development and instructional improvement. (Author/MLF)

In a study of the effects of an anticipated reward on the interaction between rewarder and rewardee, the hypothesis was advanced that the offer of a reward heightens a child's sense of outerdirectedness and dependency upon the rewarding adult. Twenty-nine preschoolers who had demonstrated some intrinsic interest in puzzles were asked to assemble a…

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Compared the computational performance of two groups of arithmetic teachers: one group tested in 1930 and the other in 1973. Results indicated that the 1973 teachers performed significantly better than the 1930 teachers. (JMB)