The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine whether alcoholics will show greater persistance in responding under punishment in a simple operant task as compared to nonalcoholics; and (2) with this task, under what conditions alcoholics will suppress their responses to the same extent as nonalcoholics. In the task, all subjects during…

In the debate on instructional objectives, some argue for reducing all objectives to statements of student terminal behaviors, while others want open-minded objectives which allow for diverse, unpredictable outcomes. A synthesis of seemingly incompatible behavioral specification and open-endedness is proposed: (1) Behavioral objectives need not…

One aspect of reference group theory, racial identification, was studied, and the effects of this identification on the acquisition of knowledge and the formation of attitudes were examined. Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) Children who perceive an instructional tape narrator to be a member of their own race will score significantly higher…

Two-year old white boys from Low and High social class (SES) groups were presented with identical learning tasks under nonverbal and verbal conditions. Under the nonverbal condition there were no SES differences, but under the verbal condition the High SES group significantly improved their performance, and were superior to the Low SES group.…

Forty-two educable mentally retarded children (21 boys, 21 girls) performed an oddity learning task in one of three conditions: experimenter not present, experimenter present and providing relevant cues (RC), and experimenter present and providing irrelevant cues (IC). The experiment was designed to test J. Turnure's outerdirectedness hypothesis…

Based on hypotheses on relationships between curiosity, anxiety, and performance, this study correctly predicted that high state curiosity students had lower levels of state anxiety and performed better in the computer-assisted instruction learning program than low state curiosity students. One hundred and fifty-two female undergraduates were…

The study was intended to determine the effect of the mode of verbalization of a discovered generalization on short-term retention of ability to use the generalization. Fifty preservice elementary teachers were assigned to one of the five verbalization methods: speaking, listening, writing, reading, or no verbalization. Each performed on six…

A course in the theory and practice of making up the front page and inside pages of the newspaper is presented. Included are copy fitting, headline and composition fitting, typography and type specifications, and photo proportioning. Theories of offset and letterpress printing are also covered. Objectives of the course include the following: (1)…

A course in forming medium size pottery on the potter's wheel and developing skill to reproduce matching forms is presented. Abilities which will be expected of the student at the end of the course include: (1) defining important terms relating to pottery, (2) identifying and differentiating between certain aspects of ceramic art, and (3)…

THIS RESEARCH ATTEMPTED TO RELATE PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR TO LANGUAGE BY FINDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN (1) PROBLEM SOLVING AND LANGUAGE TYPE AND (2) PROBLEM SOLVING AND CATEGORIES OF BILINGUALISM. ENGLISH-SPEAKING MONOLINGUAL AND TYPES OF BILINGUAL NAVAHO EIGHTH-GRADE PUPILS WERE COMPARED ON PROBLEM-SOLVING TASKS. IQ AND READING COMPREHENSION…

CURRENT MODELS OF DECISION-MAKING AND RELATED RESEARCH IN CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF ADOLESCENTS WERE REVIEWED. THE DECISION ELEMENTS RECEIVING THEORETICAL ATTENTION WERE (1) DECISION-PROCESS PHASES, (2) DECISION-OUTCOME PROBABILITIES AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, (3) DECISION-PLAN DIMENSIONS, (4) DECISION STRATEGIES, AND (5)…

An item analysis was performed on two rating scales, the Delta Survey of Nurses and the Delta Nursing Survey, developed for evaluating the preparation and job performance of nursing graduates. Resulting data supported the basic design of the instruments. The revised instruments consist of seven fewer items; two subtests were deleted, and a number…

An earlier study indicated that a subject's performance on simple mental tasks, such as tracing soluble and unsoluble geometric designs and proofreading, was not affected by background noise regardless of its intensity, unpredictability, or uncontrollability. But, since background noise did have a significant effect on postnoise task performance,…

The article describes group games which physical education teachers can use to encourage cooperative problem solving, risk taking, and trust among participants, rather than competition. (CD)

Little is known about subordinate attributions connected with perceptions of supervisory influence. Data about first- and second-level supervisors from a nationwide insurance organization revealed that perceived supervisory influence was significantly related to perceptions of supervisory effectiveness, influence over valued rewards and the task,…