To investigate the leader behavior characteristics of elementary school principals and to examine these characteristics as they relate to organizational climate, 35 randomly selected southern California schools with approximately 715 teachers and principals were studied. The data on organizational climate were collected by means of the…

Of the three interpersonal needs measured by Schutz's FIRO-B Scale (expressed and wanted inclusion, control, and affection), it is hypothesized that (1) control will be the most salient need perceived in subordinates by immediate supervisors, and (2) the immediate superior of a given subordinate will be more likely to evidence a control…