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Blackbourn, Joe M.; Wilkes, Sam T. – 1985
The relationship between teacher morale and teachers' acceptance of principals' authority was examined. The Zones of Indifference Instrument (ZII) was used to measure the degree of acceptance of authority. The Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (PTO) was also administered to the group of Mississippi teachers to measure their morale. Usable responses were…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Correlation, Elementary Secondary Education, Factor Structure

Smith, Mary Lee – Educational Researcher, 1991
Examines, in a qualitative study, the role of mandated tests on elementary schools, describing in particular their emotional impact on teachers, who may suffer sanctions or loss of autonomy based on low test scores. Describes some of the curricular and methodological effects of standardized testing. (CJS)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Elementary Education, Elementary School Teachers