Achievement gaps exist along the lines of race, gender, sexuality, social class, and ability status from elementary school to graduate school in the United States. Instructors can help reduce achievement gaps by adopting practices that have been shown to promote the success of students from marginalized groups, so-called "inclusive teaching…

Purpose: Flexible learning is a delivery modality associated with positive outcomes, but its use at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with dark student experiences, such as poor interest and dishonesty among students. To understand how and why many tertiary students lost their motivation and became disengaged in pandemic-era…

Given the importance of student engagement for students' current and future success, it is essential to explore how teachers can foster student engagement within lessons. This study relied on classroom observations to describe how teachers applied Self-Determination Theory (SDT) related (de)motivating teaching behaviours to foster students'…

The transition period in Romania has generated a series of important changes, including the reforming of the Romanian tertiary education. This process has been accelerated after the signing of the Bologna treaty. Important changes were recorded in many of the quantitative aspects (such as number of student enrolled, pupil-student ratio etc) as…

A system of identifying teacher and student interactions as they relate to discipline problems was developed and validated as a method of resolving disruptive classroom behavior. SOBAD (Systematic Observation of Behavior with a Focus on Academic Disruptions) involves the use of trained observers who code and record student and teacher interactions…

Descriptions are given of recent dissemination and collaboration efforts of the Classroom Organization and Effective Teaching (COET) Project, which is a program of the University of Texas (Austin) Research and Development Center for Teacher Education. A brief review of COET research findings is provided, and materials and activities that can be…

The purpose of this Child Development Associate (CDA) training module, one of a series of 18, is to teach trainees methods for guiding children's behavior to foster positive growth and development. Early sections of the module stipulate the module's competency-based objectives, define terms and suggest a procedure by which trainees can evaluate…

An exploratory study examined influences on secondary and postsecondary vocational and technical student time on task. In conducting the study, researchers recorded minute-by-minute observations of the interactions of 152 secondary students and their teachers and 328 postsecondary students and their teachers in a total of 25 classes that were…

The objective of this study was to determine whether there were verbal interaction differences between junior/community college and university settings and among disciplines. Theoretically, student achievement and student attitudes are influenced by the types of verbal interactions taking place within classrooms. Forty-eight different classes…

The 99 observation systems described in this anthology describe measurable categories of behavior, rather than global concepts. These systems function as a meta-language--a language for describing communication. Each represents one or more of seven major categories: affective, cognitive, nonverbal, activity, content, sociological structure, and…

A study examined teacher-student interaction in Kentucky's secondary and postsecondary vocational education classrooms. It investigated whether sex bias or inequities were present and what might explain such differences. A literature review focused on studies conducted at different grade levels with relation to sex bias and classroom interactions.…

A three-year project was undertaken by the National Center for research in Vocational Education (Ohio State University, OH) to investigate time on task in vocational and technical classes. During the first year of the project, researchers used the direct observation method to collect time-on-task data pertaining to 10 teachers and 186 students in…