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Jing Liu; Emily K. Penner; Wenjing Gao – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2023
Teachers' sense-making of student behavior determines whether students get in trouble and are formally disciplined. Status categories, such as race, can influence perceptions of student culpability, but the degree to which teachers' initial identification of student misbehavior exacerbates racial disproportionality in discipline receipt is…
Descriptors: Teachers, Urban Schools, Referral, Teacher Behavior
OECD Publishing, 2019
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning…
Descriptors: Test Results, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Bush-Richards, Angela; Schmitt, Lisa – Online Submission, 2008
This report describes district-level results from the 2007-2008 AISD Student Climate Survey.
Descriptors: School Districts, Educational Environment, Environmental Influences, Elementary Secondary Education