Down syndrome is acknowledged to be the most common neurogenetic cause for intellectual disability. It is a multisystem disorder which results in multiple lifelong health problems. At present, students with Down syndrome can receive education in inclusive mainstream education settings. However, this is not without its accompanying challenges. The…

Discusses four reasons why mainstreaming has made slow progress. (FL)

A three phase study was conducted on the role of regular classroom teachers in implementing individualized education programs (IEPs) for mainstreamed special education students. IEPs in 20 elementary sites were reviewed in phase 1, 59 elementary teachers were surveyed in phase 2, and 16 of those surveyed participated in interviews in phase 3. Five…

Problems in implementation and practice of a whole-school approach to integration which features transposing regular and special educators are cited, and seven phases for carrying out such a scheme are described. (CL)

Elements of cooperation learning and the specific actions for implementing it are presented, including positive interdependence, individual accountability, collaborative skills, and group processing. Effects on relationships between disabled and nondisabled students are summarized. The teacher's role in implementing cooperative learning is…

After briefly reviewing some research on the outcomes of mainstreaming, the author presents seven guidelines to the special education teacher for smoothing the mainstreaming process. (SJL)

Points out positive aspects of mainstreaming for both hadicapped and nonhandicapped children. Indicates specific teaching approaches appropriate for children with special needs such as language/speech disability, and mental, hearing, visual and physical impairments. Provides 10 guidelines for teaching in the mainstreamed classroom. (Author/RH)

The handbook provides broad guidelines, suggestions, and descriptions of effective mainstreaming practices in New York City Public Schools. An initial section reviews factors related to successful mainstreaming, including effective school environment, strong administrative leadership, and parental involvement. Eight general principles for…

This handbook provides suggestions useful in implementing supplemental services to children with handicaps in regular classrooms in Ohio. The information is organized into two major parts: administrative considerations and teacher considerations. Administrative considerations focus on the definition of a supplemental services program, determining…

An Australian oral/aural program for students with hearing impairments fosters independence and independent learning by teaching cognitive and metacognitive skills. Factors attributing to the program's success include careful planning for integration, a clear understanding of support teachers' roles, special programs to meet individual needs, and…

This publication features articles on school climate. Among the various concerns are: 1) the complexities of the educational environment, 2) low cost school climate programs, 3) implementation of changes for effective climates, 4) the roles of principals, teachers, and students in the educational environment, and 5) test anxiety and creativity as…

The development and current status of coteaching to meet the needs of students with disabilities in mainstream settings are reviewed. Issues are identified concerning resources (finances, time, and space); participants (role clarification of both professionals and paraprofessionals); and implementation (the need for documentation of coteaching…

The Language Resource Room Level of Service is a model developed by the Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) School District to provide intensive speech-language services for children with moderate to severe speech-language disorders, in the least restrictive setting. The speech-language pathologist assumes the roles of coteacher, consultant, and direct…

The handbook is intended for elementary and secondary school administrators and teachers providing programs for handicapped students in the province of Alberta, Canada. Functions of administrators include the establishment, development, and/or implementation of goals, support services, and evaluation procedures. The parents' role in assessment,…

A model program was implemented to provide services to 17 children with special needs in a community-based preschool. Meetings with representatives of the public schools and the community preschool center established a framework for providing inclusive education and resulted in development of an interagency agreement, which clarified staff and…