Teacher-student relationships have been studied with increasing intensity during the past three decades, but the majority of this study has focused on young children and has relied on teacher perceptions of these relationships. The current study was designed to add to this growing body of research by exploring the factor structure, reliability,…

Children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; N = 182) and their teachers (N = 76) completed an instrument designed to assess the quality of their classroom working alliance. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted on student and teacher data, based on prior research conducted with normative samples, confirmed a two-factor model of…

Parent engagement has been extensively studied, but more information is needed on how teacher-parent relationships vary for adolescents with different disabilities, varying socioeconomic backgrounds, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. This study investigates associations between teacher-parent relationships, teacher-student relationships, student's…

Positive teacher-student relationships provide adolescents with disabilities the confidence to explore new challenges in and out of the classroom. Goal-setting and self-determination skills have been consistently shown to promote healthy transition adjustment among students with disabilities. Despite the growing awareness of the importance of…

This exploratory study investigated linkages between parent, peer, teacher, and mentor relationships and adjustment among adolescents with disabilities. The sample included 228 high school students with disabilities (65% male, 50% White) across four states. Overall findings indicate that students' social relationships were significantly associated…

A growing number of researchers are examining how teacher-student relationships contribute to child and adolescent development. Much of this work is based on two distinct theoretical perspectives: social support and attachment. The current study investigates the importance of teacher-student relationships from each of these perspectives among…

The purpose of this study was to identify the unique contributions of a comprehensive set of predictors and the most salient predictors of school dropout among a nationally representative sample of students with learning disabilities (LD). A comprehensive set of theoretically and empirically relevant factors was selected for examination. Analyses…

This investigation examines teacher-student relationships among African American youth from low-income backgrounds (N = 193). Students and their teachers completed measures of teacher-student relationship quality and measures pertaining to emotional, behavioral, and school-related adjustment. Results indicated that African American youth who fell…

This investigation examines child and teacher perceptions of teacher-child relationships among 157 children (M age = 6.1) who attended 12 full-day kindergarten classrooms in a large urban school district. Children and teachers completed comparable assessments designed to measure perceptions of social support from teachers and they also completed…

This study investigates the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships (IT-SR), a measure that was developed by adapting the widely used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachments (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) for use in the context of teacher-student relationships. The instrument was field tested…

This investigation examined associations between early adolescents' relationships with parents and teachers and indicators of school-adjustment. Participants were primarily students of color (91% Latino) in a low-income urban environment, and analyses were conducted to examine the relative contributions of parent-child and teacher-student…

This investigation examines teacher and child perceptions of teacher-child relationships and early school adjustment among children (N = 157) in low-income urban schools. Consistent with prior research, findings indicated that teacher-child relationships were associated with early school adjustment; however, the strength of this association varied…

In this article the authors examine the theoretical and empirical basis of teacher-student relationships. They focus specifically on the importance of supportive teacher-student relationships in the lives of adolescents with high-incidence disabilities. Students receiving special education services in these categories are at a heightened risk of…

Surveys elementary school children (N=289) to examine aspects of their social and contextual experiences in schools. Students classified as having poor relationships with teachers and poor bonds with school had poorer scores on self- and teacher ratings for social and emotional adjustment. Results provide researchers with descriptive typology that…

Assesses fifth- and sixth-grade children's relationships with teachers, bonds with schools, and social and emotional adjustment. Analyses of responses reveals that students with disabilities have greater dissatisfaction with their relationships with teachers, poorer bonds with school, and perceived higher school danger than students without…