Every day, millions of students in the United States go to school weighed down by interpersonal traumas, community traumas, and the traumatic effects of historical and contemporary race-based oppression. A wide range of adverse childhood events--including physical, verbal, emotional, and sexual abuse; chronic bullying; community or domestic…

Students who have experienced trauma may be especially likely to present challenging behaviors in the classroom. With an increase of trauma-affected students in music classrooms, it is important for music educators to consider classroom management (CM) practices that support trauma-affected students' healing without triggering students' trauma…

This dissertation in practice utilized a qualitative case study approach to understand the experiences of adult learners who are completing their secondary education program at a selected school site in the region of Los Angeles County, California. The aim of this study was to gain insight on the varied needs and challenges of adult students who…

The purpose of this study was to understand how middle school teachers cope with trauma. Case studies were employed with four middle school teachers. The findings from this study illuminated the unique experiences of rural middle school teachers. These findings highlight significant gaps in how teachers are supported and respond to stress and…

Teachers are essential partners in addressing the needs of English learners (ELs), yet most professional development fails to mention the specific needs of such students who have experienced trauma and exhibit signs of toxic and post-traumatic stress. Such students are not readily identified and even so, are often hesitant to seek the professional…