This paper draws from a critical race multicase study of Black parents' school engagement experiences in a liberal U.S. public school district, focusing here on 12 mothers and fathers who participated in Parent Teacher Organizations (PTOs) and/or African American parent groups. I apply Critical Race Theory, particularly Crenshaw's notions of…

Reveals that collective bargaining is controlled primarily by various political forces rather than by the actual exchange at the negotiating table. Political forces also partially control the relationship between the principal negotiators and set the limits within which they can bargain, thus largely determining the decisions made. (Author/IRT)

Sheds light on a growing conflict that has surfaced between urban communities and teachers' unions: the conflict over the sharing of power in school decision making. Discusses the actions of the Philadelphia Parents Union. (Author/IRT)

The issue is no longer whether control of teacher education will shift away from institutions of higher education, but to what extent, and to which of the interest groups now vying for control of major program components it will shift to. The impact of potential changes in preservice and inservice teacher education, field experiences,…

Drawing on survey data from 83 New York school districts and case studies of 6 districts, the project reported here explores several aspects of schools and districts as organizations. The conceptual framework guiding the study emphasizes that educational organizations are not governed either by their structure or by the reactions of individuals,…