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Biber, Douglas; Nekrasova, Tatiana; Horn, Brad – ETS Research Report Series, 2011
This research project undertook a review and synthesis of previous research on the effectiveness of feedback for individual writing development. The work plan was divided into two main phases. First, we surveyed all available studies that have investigated the effectiveness of writing feedback, including both quantitative and qualitative research,…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Feedback (Response), Writing Skills
Tsagari, Dina – Online Submission, 2007
The review presented and discussed in this paper explores the theoretical underpinnings and research findings of the washback of high-stakes tests in the field of language teaching and testing as well general education and suggests areas and ways of researching the phenomenon in the future. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
Descriptors: Testing, Influences, Language Tests, High Stakes Tests
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Takanashi, Yoshiro – Language, Culture and Curriculum, 2004
Japanese students often feel it difficult to acquire communicative skills in English at school. Although many of them appear to have positive, favorable attitudes towards learning English, their annual Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) total score means has been consistently low. The present paper discusses this paradox from two points…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning