A computer-displayed 3-D tic-tac-toe game was used to investigate adult perceptual biases in dealing with diagonal line orientations. Also investigated was the interaction between prior spatial ability and the effects of explicit visual modeling and structured practice on performance. Results indicated a strong selective difficulty in dealing with…

The effects of overt or covert verbalization and specific or non-specific goals were investigated. Sixty-four undergraduate students solved acquisition problems and subsequently took tests measuring near and far transfer. Results indicate that acquisition can be influenced by teaching methods emphasizing conscious attention to goals. (SLD)

The instructional process has four major components: stimulation, orientation, transformation, and instrumental activity. Concerning stimulation, the instructor should highlight either the novelty or the complexity of the learning materials. Varying such factors as teaching style and mode of presentation, duration of instruction, and the learner's…