Despite an increasing number of English-language learners (ELLs) in U.S. schools and a trend toward placing them in mainstream classrooms, relatively little attention has been paid to synthesizing and appraising the extant research on how future mainstream teachers are prepared to teach this student population. To shed light on this topic, the…

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), signed in 1965, was a pivotal civil rights law to address the dream of equitable education for all children on the mainland and in U.S. territories. The ESEA was followed by the Bilingual Education Act (BEA), signed by President Johnson in 1968. The BEA specifically addressed the necessities of…

The Bilingual Education Act was passed in 1968 to address the challenges faced by emerging bilingual students in U.S. schools. Fifty years later, ideologies promoting bilingual education persist with a discourse of "one nation, one territory, one language nationalism." The bilingual and multiple language repertoires necessary for…

In 1968 the Bilingual Education Act marked the first comprehensive federal intervention in the schooling of language minoritized students by creating financial incentives for bilingual education in an effort to address social and educational inequities created by poverty and linguistic isolation in schools. Since that time federal education…

The focus of this paper is on US language policy statements that govern the priorities for teaching languages other than English in public schools and the language ideologies implied by specific management moves by the federal government to regulate language education, starting with the Bilingual Education Act (BEA) of 1968. Following introductory…

Language and cultural preservation efforts among different communities of language speakers in the United States have received increasing attention as interest in linguistic rights and globalization continues to deepen. In addition to mounting evidence of the cognitive, psychological, and academic benefits of heritage language/community language…

Relying on life history and memory as methodology, this essay unearths the memories of schooling of five Mexican American teachers at a dual-language school in San Antonio, locating their memories of trauma within the history of language oppression and cultural exclusion in U.S. public schools. In re(membering) their schooling experiences as…

This article traces the ways in which New York City schools have responded to the multilingualism of its children in the last forty years. I review here the past to construct the future--the future of the past. I argue that in the predominantly Puerto Rican community of the 1960s and 1970s a simple approach toward languages and bilingualism in…

This bulletin was designed to publicize activities of Project Brave. It includes articles on the gathering of maple sugar, changes in teaching methods, the open classroom, and individualized instruction. Also included are several poems and many photographs. (SK)

Project Unidos is an E.S.E.A. Title VII Bilingual/Bicultural program in Riverside County, California. The project is responsible for the organization and administration of inservice and preservice programs for approximately 43 certified teachers and 43 classified instructional assistants. This is the final evaluation report on a series of summer…

Deals with language minorities in the United States through discussion of the special English instructional programs needed for them, the legislative and judicial mandates on such programs, and three controversial issues: (1) the goals of such programs, (2) who the programs should serve, and (3) the most pedagogical approach for bilingual…

This volume contains suggested curriculum guidelines for an effective bilingual program, with specific focus on Spanish language skills for the third grade level. The philosophy of the program views bilingual education as a vehicle and pedagogical tool to be used to better prepare all children to function in society. The point of departure for…

One of the main objectives of the Chinese Bilingual Pilot Program in San Francisco is to teach Cantonese to non-Chinese speaking children. This teacher's manual is designed to be used at the second level of instruction in Chinese as a second language. For each of the thirty-five lessons, the materials needed are indicated. The basic grammar…

This is a report on the fourth year of the Let's Be Amigos bilingual project. The project consists of three components: Model A provides bilingual/bicultural education to English-dominant and Spanish-dominant pupils in prekindergarten through fourth grade; Model B provides bilingual/bicultural education to Spanish-dominant pupils, first through…

This guide for music teachers in Spanish/English bilingual education is an attempt at gathering the basic musical vocabulary and presenting it in English and Spanish, and is adaptable to all levels. The units cover: forming an estudiantina, including cost ssand method of instruction; symbols of musical notation and definition of musical terms, in…