This study reconsidered educational materials by analyzing educators' opinions regarding handmade manipulative materials (HMMs) for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in Japan. Instead of concurring with the view that educational materials are static and inert products, the author adopted an agential realist perspective…

This article reports on a 1995 survey of students with visual impairments in Japan (4,537 in special schools and 233 in visual impairments units in mainstream schools). Although there appears to be a decrease in the number of students with visual impairments, the proportion of those with additional disabilities is increasing. (Contains…