By the turn of the 20th century, three forces--urbanization, immigration, and industrialization--were conspiring to change the face of public education. Teachers still emphasized reading, memorization, and traditional academic subjects, but many began looking for new ways to reach an increasingly diverse student population. (IAH)

Presents classical definitions and explanations of distance education selected from pioneers of the field or those who have made seminal contributions to the conceptualization of distance education and related fields. Discusses definitions by Desmond Keegan, Michael G. Moore, Borje Holmberg, and Otto Peters. (AEF)

Herbartianism and many of its concepts (concentration, correlation, socialization) influenced industrial arts curriculum development. Using socioeconomic analysis, industrial arts educators identified the content areas of manufacturing, construction, communications, etc. However, another dominant strain stressed the technical, or manual arts,…

This article describes conditions in schooling, particularly the brutality, for boys and girls during the European Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The English philosopher, John Locke, proposed an alternative style and content with regard to the education of the young. Locke's views and their influence are discussed. (IAH)

This essay considers Jean Jacques Rousseau's conception of history in "Emile" and its relationship to Rousseau's educational curriculum. History is, for Rousseau, at the heart of the curriculum and is one of the chief instruments for imparting knowledge of the world and encouraging moral behavior. (PP)

This manual for teachers sets forth in some detail the direct method of teaching children to read. It has proved successful to a very large degree in the hands of teachers with no experience or teaching preparation. This manual includes: (1) History of the Method; (2) The Method Explained; (3) Principles Underlying the Method; (4) Material Needed…

Published in 1917, this book overviews rural schooling during the early 1900s and was written to address the problems of rural teaching and to serve as an introductory guide for rural teachers. Specifically, the book aimed to bring attention to the needs of rural life and the possible contributions of the rural school, to describe effective…

Describes the career of Scottish artist and art educator William Johnstone (1897-1981) and how his achievements, which are traced to 20th-century modernism, have influenced both art design and childrens' art education. Concludes that through Johnstone, progressivism in art and education converged, producing a model for creative expression in art…

Traces Soviet educational history during the 1950s and 1960s. Presents chapter four from Ele Monoszon's "The Establishment and Development of Soviet Pedagogy." Reviews theories and research of key Soviet educators during this period. (CH)

The continuing interest which American educators and other citizens have attached to Soviet schools and their development has served to encourage the U.S. Office of Education in its efforts to provide the most complete and verified information obtainable on the subject. As expressed in "Soviet Commitment to Education, Report of the First…

The continuing interest which American educators and other citizens have attached to Soviet schools and their development has served to encourage the U.S. Office of Education in its efforts to provide the most complete and verified information obtainable on the subject. As expressed in "Soviet Commitment to Education, Report of the First…

The list here presented is not intended to include the "hundred best books" on education. It merely offers, within a reasonable compass, representative selections from those divisions of educational literature, both general and special, that are of marked interest and value to the public-school teachers of America. As such it may serve…

Realizing the difficulty of teaching morals and manners, subjects which the laws of many States require to be taught, this bulletin on good manners has prepared as a help to elementary teachers. Though written for the teachers, it is addressed to the children and may be used in various way: It may be read silently by the teacher and discussed with…

Written in 1936, this book overviews the guiding objectives, essential principles of school practices, and general teaching procedures of rural education. The book served not only as a reference concerning the many problems of rural teaching, but also was used as a textbook for preparing rural school teachers. Part 1 overviews problems of rural…

The theme or story of the pageant is Youth's search for a school in which his threefold being--body, mind, and soul--may find release and fulfillment. This fulfillment has been the purpose of education "down through the ages," however unconsciously or gropingly it has moved toward its goal. In the "school of to-day," however,…