To find the number of distinct real roots of the cubic equation (1) x[caret]3 + bx[caret]2 + cx + d = 0, we could attempt to solve the equation. Fortunately, it is easy to tell the number of distinct real roots of (1) without having to solve the equation. The key is the discriminant. The discriminant of (1) appears in Cardan's (or Cardano's) cubic…

In a first calculus course, it is not unusual for students to encounter the theorems which state: If f is an even (odd) differentiable function, then its derivative is odd (even). In our paper, we prove some theorems which show how the symmetry of a continuous function f with respect to (i) the vertical line: x = a or (ii) with respect to the…

The mathematics for finding and plotting the locations of stars and constellations are available in many books on astronomy, but the steps involve mystifying and fragmented equations, calculations, and terminology. This paper will introduce an entirely new unified and cohesive technique that is easy to understand by mathematicians, and simple…

To achieve the vision of mathematics set forth in "Crossroads" ("AMATYC," 1995), students must experience mathematics as a sensemaking endeavor that informs their world. Embedding the study of mathematics into the real world is a challenge, particularly because it was not the way that many of us learned mathematics in the first place. This article…

This paper presents an alternative version of formulas of conditional probabilities and Bayes' rule that demonstrate how the truth table of elementary mathematical logic applies to the derivations of the conditional probabilities of various complex, compound statements. This new approach is used to calculate the prior and posterior probabilities…

The orders of presentation of pre-calculus and calculus topics, and the notation used, deserve careful study as they affect clarity and ultimately students' level of understanding. We introduce an alternate approach to some of the topics included in this sequence. The suggested alternative is based on years of teaching in colleges within and…

The case study approach is commonly used in the fields of law, medicine, and business administration to help apply theory to practice. This approach is equally useful in the teaching and learning of mathematics since various categories of coping strategies used to alleviate math anxiety become more meaningful when they are used to assist "real"…

For various reasons there has been a recent trend in college and high school calculus courses to de-emphasize teaching the Partial Fraction Decomposition (PFD) as an integration technique. This is regrettable because the Partial Fraction Decomposition is considerably more than an integration technique. It is, in fact, a general purpose tool which…

Research supports the effectiveness of matching instructional methods with student learning preferences (Dunn et al., 1995; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005). Several challenges exist, however, for mathematics departments to design classroom learning experiences that allow students to learn mathematics and learn how to study math through their…

An important component of transitioning from a classroom instructor to a practicing teaching professional is a commitment to continuous growth and lifelong learning. The professionalization process is dynamic, producing a state of professionalism with changes in one's values, philosophy, and classroom activities. When considering a change in…

The article provides a vision of how Beyond Crossroads can serve as a departmental guide to inducing systemic change at a two-year college. Curricular change does not mean just changing the content taught, it also means changing the way it is taught, the way learning may be assessed, and the ways in which faculty and administrators may evaluate…

As a precursor to lessons on prime decomposition and reducing fractions, rules are generally presented for divisibility by 2, 3, 5, 9, and 10 and sometimes for those popular composites such as 4 and 25. In our experience students often ask: "What about the one for 7?" and we are loathe to simply state that there isn't one. We have yet to see a…

Beyond Crossroads is a call to action. Within this call, AMATYC has updated its 1995 Crossroads standards, developed a new set of guiding principles, and created a blueprint for implementing these revised principles and standards. The principles guiding Beyond Crossroads are a significant overhaul of their predecessors and are bold statements that…

Argues for the rich development of mathematical ideas that can flow from considering the apparently simple question of finding a divisibility test for the number six. Presents approaches to teaching this topic that could be interesting to teachers. (ASK)

To demonstrate concepts or rapidly create quizzes, teachers commonly encounter the need to quickly create mathematical examples. Unfortunately, by producing undesirable or overly complex solutions, extemporaneously created examples can become problematic, create tense learning environments and become more confusing than they are worth. Experience…