The controversy over the place of translation in the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a thriving field of inquiry. Many older language teaching methodologies such as the Direct Method, the Audio-lingual Method, and Natural and Communicative Approaches, tended to either neglect the role of translation, or prohibit it entirely as a…

Intercultural education is a familiar concept to many involved with education, as it underpins the school curriculum in an increasing number of countries in the world. Distinctly separate to intercultural education is intercultural language learning (IcLL), a specific set of principles currently at the fore of what is occurring with languages…

Teacher education for language teachers must consider the ultimate educational objectives, and proceed to achieve them through curriculum, course design, and appropriate methodology. Specific objectives include: (1) language and international studies; (2) languages for specific purposes; (3) language and inter-community understanding; (4) the…