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Direct linkKrueger, Kai A.; Dayan, Peter – Cognition, 2009
Humans and animals can perform much more complex tasks than they can acquire using pure trial and error learning. This gap is filled by teaching. One important method of instruction is shaping, in which a teacher decomposes a complete task into sub-components, thereby providing an easier path to learning. Despite its importance, shaping has not…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Teaching Methods, Learning Processes, Mathematical Models
Cook, Susan Wagner; Mitchell, Zachary; Goldin-Meadow, Susan – Cognition, 2008
The gestures children spontaneously produce when explaining a task predict whether they will subsequently learn that task. Why? Gesture might simply reflect a child's readiness to learn a particular task. Alternatively, gesture might itself play a role in learning the task. To investigate these alternatives, we experimentally manipulated…
Descriptors: Play, Learning Readiness, Mathematical Concepts, Mathematics Instruction
Son, Ji Y.; Smith, Linda B.; Goldstone, Robert L. – Cognition, 2008
Development in any domain is often characterized by increasingly abstract representations. Recent evidence in the domain of shape recognition provides one example; between 18 and 24 months children appear to build increasingly abstract representations of object shape [Smith, L. B. (2003). Learning to recognize objects. "Psychological…
Descriptors: Generalization, Child Development, Experiments, Toddlers
