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Perkins, D. N. – Educational Leadership, 1986
Sifts through confusing intelligence theories, arguing that intelligence is a combination of influences involving power, tactics, and content. Good thinking is an unnatural act demanding evenhanded reasoning, problem finding (versus solving), and knowledge as invention. Discusses thinking frames guiding thought processes and the implications for…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Intellectual Development, Intelligence
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Nickerson, Raymond S. – Educational Leadership, 1981
A program to improve student ability to perform intellectually demanding tasks might reasonably focus on four types of objectives: abilities, methods, knowledge, and attitudes. (Author/MLF)
Descriptors: Assignments, Intellectual Development, Learning Processes, Secondary Education
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Lochhead, Jack – Educational Leadership, 1981
Research in cognitive science is providing an increasingly detailed understanding of human cognition. Teachers can help students become conscious of their own reasoning processes and then learn to compare, contrast, interrelate, or coordinate various ways in which they think in order to refine their problem-solving methods. (Author/MLF)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Intellectual Development, Learning Processes, Problem Solving
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Costa, Arthur L. – Educational Leadership, 1981
A question-answer format on how specific teacher behaviors influence students' acquisition of information, ability to make information meaningful, and application of meaning to new situations. (Author/MLF)
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, Intellectual Development, Problem Solving
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Paul, Richard W. – Educational Leadership, 1984
Responding to Goldman's critique of the Socratic method, the author redefines the "Socratic spirit" as rational dialog focused on questions of significance in an atmosphere of mutual support and cooperation. Exemplified in Lipman's "Philosophy for Children," this approach nourishes the reflective spirit in children and develops…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Critical Thinking, Elementary Secondary Education, Inquiry
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Goldman, Louis – Educational Leadership, 1984
Argues that the Socratic method is inappropriate for children because it teaches them to question adult authority before they have the necessary experience and is therefore conducive to cynicism. A traditional liberal arts curriculum, combining transmission of culture with open inquiry, is preferable to attempts to teach critical thinking. (TE)
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Elementary Secondary Education, Inquiry, Intellectual Development