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Bers, Marina Umaschi – European Journal of STEM Education, 2018
In recent years, there has been an increased effort to introduce coding and computational thinking in early childhood education. In accordance with the international trend, programming has become an increasingly growing focus in European education. With over 9.5 million iPhone Operating System (iOS) downloads, ScratchJr is the most popular freely…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Early Childhood Education, Programming, Telecommunications
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Baek, Youngkyun; Wang, Sasha; Yang, Dazhi; Ching, Yu-Hui; Swanson, Steve; Chittoori, Bhaskar – European Journal of STEM Education, 2019
This study, a sub-study of a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded research project, applies a modified strategy of the U[superscript 2]MC for an eight-week afterschool robotics curriculum to promote upper elementary students' computational thinking in the second grade. Twenty-one students in second grade participated in a Life on Mars project…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Robotics, Elementary School Students, Elementary School Science