The investigation reported in this paper uses a method of mapping the course. This mapping method presents the course in a compact visual form. Criterion-referenced test items are drawn up using a less sophisticated method. The parts of the course which would predict good learning from the mapping are checked against the performance on items and…

Describes the fragmentary recall of aural and visual messages and discusses the implications for instructional design. Topics discussed include cognitive processes; the characteristics and selection of various media and the relationship to fragment processing skills; classroom activities based on fragmentary recall; and direction for further…

Discussion of how visual analogies aid students' understanding of math and science focuses on new types of representations that use computers. Topics addressed include understanding and cognitive performance; the role of representations in understanding, including examples; evidence of instructional effectiveness of new representations; and…