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Vogelzang, Margreet; Fuhrhop, Nanna; Mundhenk, Tobias; Ruigendijk, Esther – Journal of Research in Reading, 2023
Background: German is exceptional in its use of noun capitalisation. It has been suggested that sentence-internal capitalisation as in German may benefit processing by specifically marking a noun and thus a noun phrase (NP). However, other cues, such as a determiner, can also indicate an NP. The influence of capitalisation on processing may thus…
Descriptors: German, Nouns, Punctuation, Phrase Structure
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Dixon, Chris; Thomson, Jenny; Fricke, Silke – Journal of Research in Reading, 2020
Children learning English as an additional language (EAL) are a growing population of learners in English primary schools. These children begin school with differing levels of English language proficiency and tend to underperform in relation to their non-EAL peers on measures of English oral language and reading. However, little work has examined…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Elementary School Students, Language Proficiency