Teaching the cognitive behavior modification technique of self-instruction to students with learning disabilities involves seven steps: (1) cognitive modeling; (2) overt external guidance; (3) overt self-guidance; (4) modeling of faded overt self-guidance; (5) fading overt self-guidance; (6) modeling of covert self-instruction; and (7) covert…

An instructional strategy for teaching fiction to students with learning disabilities (LD) is presented and applied to the teaching of a short story. The three-step strategy involves students in assessing what they already know about the story, what they think they are likely to read about, and then what they know after reading the story. (SW)

This overview of the second special issue on effective mathematics instruction for students with learning disabilities provides brief summaries of the issue's articles. Articles are meant to assist teachers in the design, implementation, and evaluation of mathematics programs for students with learning disabilities. (CR)

The application of academic teaching techniques in a mainstream secondary school vocational-technical classroom was assessed, along with implications for students with learning disabilities. The techniques involved daily reviews of the previous lesson, probes for understanding through questioning, student demonstrations, and self-monitoring…

Reasons to use students as tutors to teach mathematics to students with specific learning disabilities are discussed. Descriptions of types of tutoring and training procedures for tutors are included. A guide for implementing math peer tutoring is provided, including procedures for getting ready, running the program, and enrichment and extension.…

The use of cooperative learning to teach mathematics to students with learning disabilities is explored. Cooperative learning components are described, including lesson preparation, lesson instruction, and lesson evaluation. An example of using cooperative learning to teach mathematics is provided, along with a table of examples of cooperative…

Consideration is given to using the branching strategy to teach mathematics to children with learning disabilities, or any elementary school child having difficulties. Branching involves altering instructional goals and expectations for students based on developmental levels, learning characteristics, and sensory needs, and changing the antecedent…

This article offers guidelines and suggestions for adapting mathematics instruction when teaching students with learning disabilities in the general classroom. Techniques for teaching computational skills, solving algorithms, and problem solving are offered. General techniques include increasing instructional time, varying group size, and using…

Guidelines for involving students with learning disabilities in classroom literature circles include demonstrating literature discussion, introducing and forming the circles, modifying requirements for students with low reading abilities, building group skills, managing group discussion, and having students keep response journals. (DB)

Methods for teaching problem-solving strategies for word problems to students with learning disabilities are described in the context of the 1989 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Curriculum and Evaluation Standards. Examples are given for using the specific strategies of diagrams, ratio equations, tables, and inverse operation…

Skill-based social deficits exist in students with learning disabilities when a student has not learned a given skill; performance-based deficits exist when the student possesses a skill but doesn't perform in appropriate circumstances. Interventions for both types of deficit and a strategy to build self-control skills are offered. (DB)

This article addresses aspects of social skill instruction for students with learning disabilities, including assessing the need for instruction, the cultural context, children's and adults' opinions of the value of specific skills, social validation of skills, behavior replacement, and the developmental level of the child. (DB)

Both general and specific effective strategies for teaching decimals, fractions, and percents to students with learning disabilities are presented. Information is provided on the theoretical base that underlies these curricular areas, recent research, and future trends. The need for programs to be structured around individualization and intensity…

Ways to promote generalization of social skills of students with learning disabilities (LD) are considered. Approaches include: sequential modification, introducing naturally maintaining contingencies, training sufficient exemplars, training across settings, training loosely, using indiscriminable contingencies, programming common stimuli, and…

Fourteen holistic, meaning-based reading and writing activities appropriate for students with learning disabilities are described, along with the theoretical background of the paradigm. As children experiment, approximate, and discover language naturally and socially, their immersion in authentic spoken and written language facilitates learning to…