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Ahmadian, Mohammad Javad – Language Teaching Research, 2020
This study investigated the differential effects of implicit and explicit instruction of refusal strategies in English and whether and how the impacts of instruction methods interact with learners' working memory capacity (WMC). 78 learners of English were assigned to three groups (explicit, implicit, and control). Implicit instruction was…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Direct Instruction, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
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Sun, Xiaoya; Hu, Guangwei – Language Teaching Research, 2023
This article reports on an experimental study that set out to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a direct and an indirect approach to data-driven learning (DDL) in facilitating Chinese learners' mastery of a challenging type of lexico-grammatical resource (i.e. hedges) in an undergraduate English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction