The purpose of this study was to determine whether integrating encoding instruction with reading instruction provides stronger gains for students who struggle with reading than instruction that includes little or no encoding. An instructional design model was investigated to best fit the data of 175 first-grade readers at risk for reading…

Fourth graders with learning disabilities in transcription (handwriting and spelling), LD-TD, and without LD-TD (non-LD), were compared on three writing tasks (letters, sentences, and essays), which differed by level of language, when writing by pen and by keyboard. The two groups did not differ significantly in Verbal IQ but did in handwriting,…

Effects of a pausing procedure and a lecture outline on the notetaking performance of 33 college students with learning disabilities were investigated. Results found the pause procedure most effective for enhancing immediate recall of lecture ideas and completeness of lecture notes. (Author/PB)

A constant time delay procedure was used to improve spelling of an 11-year-old learning disabled child. The near errorless instructional method provided a time delay between a controlling stimulus (prompt) and a new stimulus (target response). The five-second constant delay procedure resulted in acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of 15…

In a survey of resource room teachers (N=101) of learning disabled and mildly retarded students, mathematics instruction occupied about one-third of the average resource room teacher's teaching time. Although Ss reported considerable college coursework in mathematics and mathematics instructional methods, they felt inadequate at several…

Research has consistently demonstrated the importance of providing an appropriate level of challenge, called the instructional level, within curricular material. Although the instructional level is a generally well-defined and researched construct, much less data exist on the acquisition rate (AR) component of an appropriate level of challenge.…