The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the decisions and adaptations that literacy specialists make before, during, and after literacy intervention instruction. The theoretical framework for this study included social constructivism (Dewey, 1933), metacognition theory (Flavell, 1976), and adaptive expertise (Hatano & Ingnaki,…

Two-year institutions of higher education are facing challenges with attaining goals of the College Completion Agenda (CCA) established in 2009 by President Obama and the Remedial and Developmental Education Reform Movement (RDERM). This qualitative descriptive case study focused on the role of college leaders, adjunct instructors, and the affects…

According to the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), minority populations are increasing significantly and are predicted to become the majority nationwide by 2024 (Kena et al., 2015). Frankenberg & Orfield (2012) explain that suburban schools are struggling with the realization that their schools are more racially/ethnically and…

Although several school districts in a southern US state use a three-tiered Response to Intervention (RtI) model to supplemental core reading instruction and positively impact student achievement, the model appears to have had nominal impact. The theoretical foundation for this study is anchored in a constructivist approach to education. Three…

Using responses from a survey of elementary teachers from the state of Ohio, this study analyzed the influences of teachers' professional training (both pre-service training and in-service professional development), teachers' attitude towards ELLs, teachers' bilingualism, schools' percent of ELLs, and schools' resources (both socioeconomic status…