The concept of spiraling--systematic revisiting of the same material with increasingly broader and deeper explanations and practice--is applied to the teaching of grammar, particularly to two major classes of items: the class that is too complex for easy assimilation and the class that consists of the integration of syntactic rules and semantic…

Clues provided by redundancy in composition forms can help ESL students recognize and relate ideas in advanced reading. Points to cover in teaching are reading for ideas, clues in the formal environment and clues in idea development. Rules, examples and suggestions for application are discussed. (CHK)