Discusses the importance of fairness in evaluation studies of second-language programs and the potential for misinterpretation of studies which are not program-fair. Strategies designed to overcome this problem from the perspective of standardized tests include: specific tests for each program, program-specific plus program-neutral measures,…

Argues that there is a growing need for professionally oriented English as a second language (ESL) instruction in American colleges, universities, and companies, which should combine aspects of both ESL and English for Special Purposes (ESP) in what here is called "generalized ESP." Two illustrations of this approach are discussed. (SED)

This study describes the contrasting cultural norms of academic writing and academic writing instruction at a large American university, comparing these differing viewpoints in order to identify difficulties that non-native-speaking undergraduates might experience in proceeding from English as a Second Language (ESL) to freshmen composition…