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Gagne, Robert M. – Theory into Practice, 1980
In order to ensure the effectiveness of instruction on a new topic, teachers must help students recall prior "prerequisite" learning. The type of learning to be recalled varies with the type of learning outcome expected. (RJG)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Individual Instruction, Intellectual Development, Learning Processes
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Settlage, John; Sabik, Cindy Meyer – Theory into Practice, 1997
This paper advocates a philosophy of science teaching that embraces intellectual conflict, suggesting that it is important to engage students in productive intellectual conflict in order to teach for conceptual change. Presents two approaches that could actualize the philosophy of "teaching the conflicts" within science instruction. (SM)
Descriptors: Conflict Resolution, Consciousness Raising, Elementary Secondary Education, Intellectual Development