Maslow's hierarchical needs theory has a unique approach to classifying human needs into five different levels. Some researchers agree that Maslow's need theory followed a "low-high" order and that there is a dominance level for five needs in a hierarchical structure. At the same time, some researchers argue that Maslow's needs are…

Most beginners are introduced to plant diversity through identification keys, which develop differentiation skills but not species memorisation. We propose that mnemonics, memorable "name clues" linking a species name with morphological characters, are a complementary learning tool for promoting species memorisation. In the first of two…

Although the exact prevalence is not determined, a noticeable subset of individuals who enroll in adult education and training programs have either diagnosed or undiagnosed specific learning disabilities (SLD). Understanding SLD is important basic information for adult educators to inform program policies as well as determine effective…

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, this study was conducted to compare English communicative competency achievement between two different models of instruction. Adult English language learners (AELLs) participated in either the communicative task-based (CTB) or in a more traditional (MT) language instructional approach. The goal of the…

Joseph and Judith Davenport discuss the controversy surrounding the concept of andragogy: differing philosophical orientations, classification of andragogy, and general utility or value of the term for adult education. George Yonge examines the inappropriateness of the focus on teaching and learning and critical differences between andragogy and…

Nationally approved adult numeracy teacher training programmes were started in September 2002 following the introduction of subject specifications by the Department for Education and Skills and the Further National Training Organisation in England. These programmes delivered by higher education institutions and further education colleges were…