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Smith, Patricia L.; Wedman, John F. – 1988
This study compared the effects of an elaborated unit of instruction and a hierarchical unit on students' online processing activities, efficiency of encoding new information, and facility in solving problems. Participants were six education graduate students rated as novices on the to-be-learned content--a unit on the principles of photography.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Encoding (Psychology), Graduate Students
Taylor, David; Clark, Ruth – Performance and Instruction, 1992
Discussion of differences between problem-solving techniques of novices and experts suggests that both the experts' mental model and common novice problems can be derived from analyses of several expert and novice protocols. Three instructional strategies based on these differences are discussed, including the use of a computer simulation to solve…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Structures, Comparative Analysis, Computer Simulation
