There is a growing interest in conceptualizing, defining, and assessing what are often called 21st century skills or deeper learning competencies. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the conceptualizations, definitions, and understandings in the research literature related to critical thinking. Key initial questions include: What…

Mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) measures have been widely adopted by researchers. Critics have debated the value of such measures and questioned the type of knowledge that these access. This article reports on a study where the challenges in measuring teachers' knowledge were illuminated through investigating relationships between the…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in clothing services. It is designed for use at the secondary, postsecondary and adult level. Focusing on the specific job title clothing alterationist, eleven competencies are listed with corresponding student behavioral…

Procedures that could be used to assess progress in instructional programs designed to enhance cognitive skills are reviewed, discussing measures of the following parameters: (1) knowledge acquisition, organization, and structure; (2) problem representation; (3) mental models; (4) metacognitive skills; (5) automaticity of performance; and (6)…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in the catering industry. It is designed for use with a variety of levels of learners (secondary, postsecondary, adult) in both school and non-school educational settings. Focusing on two levels of employment, food caterer…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in fast food services. It is designed for a variety of levels of learners (secondary, postsecondary adult) in both school and non-school settings. Focusing on the specific job titles of bus attendant, counter…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in fabric and textiles merchandising. It is designed for use with a variety of groups including grades 9-14 and adults. Focusing on the specific job title fabric and textiles salesperson, ten competencies and the student…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in household textiles maintenance. It is designed for use with various types of learners such as the handicapped, slow-learners, high school students in grades 9-12, and adults including senior citizens. Focusing on the…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational teachers, focuses on securing employment in home economics. It is designed for a variety of levels of learners (secondary, postsecondary, adult) in both school and nonschool educational settings. Five competencies to be developed with this module deal with the meaning of…

This module, one of ten competency based modules developed for vocational home economics teachers, is based on a job cluster in window treatment services. It can be used for various types of learners such as the handicapped, slowlearners, high school students, and adults including senior citizens. Focusing on the specific job title of window…