This article will describe two activities in which students conduct experiments with random numbers so they can see that having at least one repeated birthday in a group of 40 is not unusual. The first empirical approach was conducted by author Cauto in a secondary school methods course. The second empirical approach was used by author Flores with…

Pumpkin seeds are counted after students convert pumpkins to jack-o-lanterns. Among the activities involved, pupils learn to count by 10s, make estimates, and to construct a visual representation of 1,000. (MP)

Presents guidelines for designing and using extensions, which are exercises that follow or extend the basic presentation of an idea, in the mathematics area of the Montessori program to give children more experience and depth as they explore key mathematical concepts. Describes extensions that address counting, sorting, and working with decimals.…