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Goodman, Yetta M. – English Journal, 2011
The author's career in professional education is intertwined with the history of language arts education in the United States and the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE). The author joined NCTE in the 1960s, though she was already teaching for about 10 years with a well-developed constructivist perspective on teaching and learning.…
Descriptors: Language Arts, Literacy Education, Constructivism (Learning), Teaching Methods
O'Brien, Thomas C. – Phi Delta Kappan, 1999
Parrot math (memorization) seeks to control children through external rewards and punishments, rather than harness their intelligence and curiosity. Recent standardized test results document parrot math's failure. Activities-based approaches, supported by a constructivist philosophy (involving classifying, inferring, generalizing, and…
Descriptors: Back to Basics, Basic Skills, Constructivism (Learning), Educational History