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Ma, Zhiqiang; Wang, Jing; Wang, Qiyun; Kong, Lili; Wu, Yajie; Yang, Hao – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2017
The purpose of this study was to verify a Chinese version of Community of Inquiry (CoI) instrument with learning presence and explore the causal relationships of the factors in the instrument. This study first examined the reliability and validity of the instrument. All four presences had acceptable levels of reliability (all Cronbach's a >…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Correlation, Foreign Countries, Validity
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Ghadirzadeh, Reyhaneh; Hashtroudi, Fariba Pourabolfathe; Shokri, Omid – English Language Teaching, 2013
The present study investigated the effect of university students' demotivational status, language learning strategies and learning style preferences on their underachievement in English language learning. To begin, 260 Iranian undergraduate students were selected through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. They were put into two successful…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Underachievement
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Webster, Beverley J.; Chan, Wincy S. C.; Prosser, Michael T.; Watkins, David A. – Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 2009
This article examines the construct validity of the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) in Hong Kong and investigates the similarities and differences in the process of learning among students in different disciplinary studies. It is based on a survey of 1,563 undergraduate students in two disciplines, humanities and sciences, and of principally…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Learning Strategies, Construct Validity, Learning Processes