Reinforcement preferences were hypothesized to be dependent upon both the nature of the judging Ss and elementary, middle, or high school students. Evidence indicates a relationship between age or grade level of pupils and the perceived potency of possible reinforcers by teachers. Presented in part at American Psychological Association, Montreal,…

This project studied the counselor training of reflection of feelings. The independent variables were method of instruction; order of assessment stimuli presentation; and assessment stimuli. There were four methods of instruction: model plus expert performance feedback, model plus self-generated cued performance feedback, modeling only, and…

In a replicated study involving 54 randomly assigned counselor trainees, three cumulative methods of teaching decision-making counseling were compared (a traditional method, a method incorporating a filmed instructional model, and a method featuring several microcounseling components). The latter method was found to be significantly more effective…

The present study evaluates the effectiveness of diverse ways of teaching an interpersonal inquiry technique. When subjects were exposed to delayed feedback plus perceptual cues, they learned at a significantly higher level than when receiving immediate feedback. (Author)

Conditions are examined under which the imposition of an extrinsic constraint upon performance of an activity can lead to decrements in creativity. Female college students worked on an art activity either with or without the expectation of external evaluation. In addition, subjects were asked to focus upon either the creative or the technical…

This study employs a factorial design to investigate the efficacy of all possible combinations of modeling, praise, and criticism as a means of teaching empathic responding to counselor trainees. Results indicate a significant effect for modeling and stage of training. Discussion focuses on the critical elements of effective feedback techniques.…

This study examined effects of five combinations of four instructional variables on student learning. Subjects were 168 graduate students ernolled in a course in educational research at Arizona State University, Tempe. The five versions of the instructional program used in this study were constructed from cues, examples, practice items, and…

Forth-two elementary school children (Grades 2, 3, and 4) were tutored on a one-to-one basis by junior high volunteers (Grades 6, 7, and 8) for 12 weeks. Prior to the start of the tutoring program and following an experimental tutoring session in which tutee performance and feedback were manipulated, both the elementary and secondary students…

An experimental condition consisting of explicit timing of the students' five-minute composition period, self-scoring, and public posting of highest scores was introduced, removed, and reintroduced. The introduction of the experimental condition led to marked increase in the number of words written by all students. (Author)

This study examined the effects of two different training techniques, with and without behavioral feedback, on the acquisition and use of four interviewer behaviors: head nods, minimal verbal stimuli, probes, and confrontations. Sixty subjects classified as field-independent or field-dependent were randomly assigned to one of five experimental…

Summarizes five studies: (1) new sight words for computer-using children; (2) immediate rewards for correct answers with computer assisted instruction; (3) importance of parental attitude and experience to student achievement with computers; (4) Logo and adolescent females' mathematics achievement; and (5) competition versus cooperation for male…

Ways that teacher educators can provide opportunities for novice teachers to develop their beliefs about teaching and learning and their teaching practices are discussed. It is suggested that practical teaching experience is essential to teacher development, but that teachers must also be able to process their experiences in ways that allow time…