Background: Research acknowledges the importance of phonological processing and orthographic processing for reading and spelling in both consistently and inconsistently written languages. While the focus has tended to be on the role of phonological processing in languages with consistent orthographies, the role of orthographic processing,…

The authors define two mathematical cognitive verbs which are fundamental to the development of mathematical thinking and reasoning. They distinguish between 'describing' and 'explaining' in relation to doing mathematics, rather than using them interchangeably.

This study explores volitional and affective responses to instructional activities aimed at developing geometric and spatial vocabulary of a neurodivergent student. Using teaching experiment methodology across 15 instructional sessions, we observed how the student responded to games, direct instruction, and vocabulary support embedded in spatial…

This randomized control treatment study investigated the role of generative paraphrasing interventions on word problem-solving (WPS) accuracy in English language learners (ELL) who were at risk for math difficulties (MD). One hundred and forty-two third-grade monolingual and English language learners were randomly assigned to either an untreated…

The role of students' first language(s) in foreign language classrooms has been hotly debated in the last decades. Although this line of research has advanced our understanding of language choice in the L2 classroom, it has mostly dealt with adolescent and adult learners. From a contextual perspective, then, more micro-analytic research that…

A study is described of heuristic devices useful in learning both native and second languages. The study concerns particularly the means used by very young students (second and third graders) in vocabulary acquisition and in the establishment of semantic relationships. It was of concern to verify if (1) the children would use their knowledge of…