The slow learner is defined as a student whose IQ falls between 75 and 90 or who ranks below the thirtieth percentile of the student population in mathematical achievement. His characteristics and special needs are discussed in some detail. A presentation of selected methods and techniques for instructing slow learners to add and subtract…

Reviewing addition through the use of palindromes is discussed. A rule for converting any number into a palindrome is presented. (MP)

Second-grade students were randomly assigned to either an instructional unit within which addition and subtraction of two digit numbers were treated as a single integrated process of regrouping or one which developed the addition and subtractive algorithms sequentially. Periodic assessments favored the sequential approach, but differences were not…

A teacher discusses his attempt to analyze his pupil's difficulties with arithmetic by looking at the component parts of each operation. (MP)

The author claims the development of an improved method for teaching basic addition in the elementary schools. Two advantages of the method are (1) more effective grouping of basic addition facts, and systematic and consistent use of reasoning in their derivation, and (2) use of a special classroom technique to improve the proficiency of a child…

The early use of the distributive law can aid students in learning addition of fractions and provide rapid approaches to computation involving other operations. (SD)

Two methods of adding columns of single digits were compared in terms of the speed and accuracy with which sums are produced. The direct method (successive addition) was found to be better than the method of looking for combinations which sum to ten. (SD)

This manipulative model using counters involves balancing the number of counters on either side of the equals sign. (MP)

Three game activities are detailed. Informal work with addition and subtraction on a number line and graphing concepts are achieved with two simple dice games, and the distribution of monetary tokens is used to illustrate the division algorithm. (JP)

The purpose of this study was to survey and examine the history of teaching of the basic addition facts in elementary school mathematics in the United States from colonial times to 1950. This examination is intended to provide insight into the causes of frustrations in teaching the facts in the past and possibly serve to alleviate anxiety in the…