Advocates that instruction in petrology be based more on the observable physical characteristics of rock formations rather than being a study of geologic history. (CP)

Several examples that have been used by geology teachers to convey a sense of geologic time are presented. (MDR)

The author proposes the inclusion of earth science curricula into the elementary school program because of the inherent interest nature has for young children. Some activities are described. (CP)

Advocates field excursions in the teaching of geology and earth science. Provides useful suggestions and offers some cautions for the preparation and execution of a geology field trip. (JR)

Advocates the multimedia field study as a valuable supplement to actual field work in earth science. The simulated excursion utilizes a variety of media, and can effectively acquaint students with geological features which they may not be able to visit. An example of a multimedia field study package is provided. (JR)

Describes an informal experiemnt designed to compare an eighth grade earth science class in an open learning environment to traditional classes. "Open environment" students gained about the same number of points on an earth science cognitive test as the "traditional" students. The individual activities of students in the open class and the…

Discusses ways to increase the effectiveness of field studies as an instructional method. Describes a study in which high school students who completed a geological field study scored higher on an earth science test than students who had not participated in the field study. (MLH)

Describes experiment designed to test the effectiveness of an independent study program as a method of instruction. No significant difference was found between the scholastic achievement of students involved in independent study and those attending classes. In the following year the academic achievement of the experimental group was significantly…