The main goal of the new instructional design model is to organize long term and full learning activities. The new model is based on the theoretical foundation of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism. During teaching and learning activities, learners are active and use cognitive, constructivist, or behaviorist learning to construct new…

Identifies four steps that students should employ in using objectives to study textual material and outlines the strategy intended to teach students these steps. (MH)

This paper suggests two steps in instructional deisgn for early childhood that can be derived from a recent major paper on instructional strategy taxonomy. These steps, together with the instructional design variables involved in each step, are reviewed relative to current research in child development and early education. The variables reviewed…

This paper proposes a basic instructional design model that focuses on the planning of a learning environment so that students not only acquire factual knowledge, but also improve their cognitive abilities to use and extend their knowledge. The model describes the direct relationships between learning time, cognitive objectives, memory system…

New knowledge is made meaningful by relating it to prior knowledge. Although meaningfulness usually relates new knowledge to prior superordinate knowledge, arbitrarily meaningful knowledge, coordinate, subordinate, and analogic ideas, experiential knowledge, and cognitive strategy also facilitate learning. Optimization of prior knowledge is done…

The central problem that American education poses for society is that the enterprise is appreciably underproductive when judged against standards and requirements of the postindustrial era. This generic problem will not be appreciably ameliorated until the instructional system design (ISD) process is better understood and explicated and then made…

This module for the classroom teacher is intended to help the teacher realize specific aims in instructional practice. Objectives outlined for the teacher are: (1) to be able to distinguish between broad goals and instructional objectives; (2) to be able to identify the characteristics of an instructional objective; (3) to be able to describe the…

Five assumptions underlie task analysis procedures in instructional development in higher education. These are: 1) content and instructional strategy are independent; 2) most courses involve two types of content--concepts and operations; 3) two levels of abstraction are involved--generalities and instances; 4) four levels of behavior are most…

The document provides very thorough guidelines for planning, implementing, and evaluating "character education," (or moral/values education, or citizenship education) in elementary and secondary schools. Character education promotes students' positive and realistic self-image, respect for others, and decision-making skills for participation in…