One of the most important conditions needed to acquire pragmatic competence--knowing the rules of a language and how to apply them to communicate--is exposure to the target language. That is why research has concentrated on observing how this competence develops in different language learning contexts such as second language (L2), foreign language…

The new geological epoch called the Anthropocene has shown how human activities have influenced the world negatively and revealed the threat created by ongoing human activities to the sustainability of the future of the world. Therefore, what the Anthropocene has shown has to be dealt with. One way to do this is education. Therefore, the present…

Bilingual education programs are considered to be powerful tools used to foster the development of foreign languages, especially when focusing on language development. In Europe, the adoption of the approach known as content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has spread rapidly as one of the models that best fit the necessities of both…

To help ESP college instructors improve the English curriculum taught at polytechnic institutes, colleges and universities, the current study proposes a model for designing English for Polytechnic Purposes (EPP) courses for undergraduate students majoring in mechanical engineering, chemistry, technology, economics, textile industry and other…

English as a second language teachers often find themselves teaching classes of heterogeneous students who have very divergent English language skills, abilities, and learning needs. One effective approach to address some of the challenges teachers face when teaching heterogeneous, mixed-level classes is task-based language teaching (TBLT). TBLT…

Research in the United States show that professional learning (PL) can improve classroom instruction. However, teachers, especially educators in the content areas, receive insufficient training specific to meeting the language and academic needs of English learners (ELs). The purpose of the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was to…

As academic language skills develop, young learners are able to rise to the challenge of increasingly complex communication in increasingly formal settings (Snow, 2014; Uccelli et al., 2015). Studies suggest that CLIL contexts may favour the development of academic language skills (Dalton-Puffer, 2007; Nikula, 2007; Marsh, 2008; Pasqual Peña,…

This article focuses on a key issue for the sustainability of bilingual education: teacher training for content and language integrated learning (CLIL). It begins by canvassing the main innovations affecting teacher training within the current CLIL panorama in terms of the CLIL teacher training profile and the interesting evolution that research…

The growing popularity of online language learning means that both experienced language professionals and novices are developing and delivering all or part of their language classes online. This study set out to query practicing online language educators as to how they view themselves; that is, their professional vision of themselves and their…

In the high-stakes accountability English educational system, decisions made by government and agencies about curriculum, pedagogy and assessment drive school planning and actions. This paper analyses the drivers for the recent change to French German and Spanish GCSEs and highlights particular areas of the new specification which may damage the…

This study examines the impact of CLIL on the English language competence achieved by students in primary and secondary education in the monolingual autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain) and extends investigation to a year after the end of the secondary CLIL programme when students were finishing their first year of "bachillerato."…

One of the reasons for failure of education system to form developed FL skills in its graduates consists in the lack of L2 immersion and low motivation of learners. Integration of Content and Language (CLIL) in teaching content subjects is believed to be an efficient way of improving the situation. However, introducing CLIL techniques and…

The article discusses the features of methods of teaching the history of language in a foreign language classroom. With regard to the increase of the number of applicants who enroll in Russian universities directly on the basis of secondary education, bypassing the preparatory faculties, which arises the problem of an insufficiently prepared group…

The purpose of this qualitative study was to document the skills, knowledge, and dispositions needed for effective two-way immersion (TWI) teacher training based on the perspectives of those practicing in the field. The research questions explored how preservice teachers, practicing TWI teachers, and TWI administrators perceived the skills,…

Although there is significant research surrounding online foreign language education, there are still questions on whether the outcomes are comparable to those obtained in the traditional face-to-face classroom. This study examined four classes, two online and two face-to-face, where students took the second course of a 6-level program of English…