Three points are basic to communicative teaching. First, we do not know how language is learned and so cannot follow rigidly any one procedure in teaching a language. Secondly, teaching is not the obverse of learning. Teaching can be controlled, and the relationship between teachers and learners is more than simple input leading to output. Third,…

Discusses and critiques the notional/functional syllabus and the concept of "threshold level" as elaborated by the Council of Europe. (AM)

Presents issues concerning traditional MBA programs and traditional liberal arts Japanese language programs and discusses the need to integrate the two disciplines; addresses the need for new instructional approaches, particularly the need for using authentic materials to develop practical language skills; discusses the value of integrating…