Although English-as-a-second-language (ESL) programs for matriculated students have been a presence in U.S. higher education since the 1940s, little has been documented in the literature concerning ESL courses, ESL placement tests, and the procedures in which incoming students are placed into appropriate classes.The present study takes three…

This guide provides general direction to school districts on elementary French programs. In addition to giving the rationale of an elementary French program and indicating where supplementary resource material can be found, it suggests program goals and learning outcomes for programs in grades K-7. A second section on current research on second…

This guide consists of a set of goals and learning outcomes for the entire secondary German program, with emphasis on practical application of present-day spoken and written German. The goals and outcomes are divided so as to provide a suitable structure for course development and materials selection at the local level. The importance of…

During the past twenty years, the field of linguistics has changed in ways that are significant for the preparation of bilingual/cross-cultural teachers. Most linguists today would agree that variability in language and the relation of language to societal phenomena are now major concerns of linguistic inquiry and that interdisciplinary branches…