Empirical evidence remains sparse about how videos enhanced with first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) subtitles influence cognitive load in L2 learners. To address this point, 25 Korean undergraduate students were exposed to six short videos: baseline, L1-subtitled, and L2-subtitled videos at both high and low difficulty levels (determined…

This article reflects on the concept of meaningful literacy. It offers a classroom methodology, posting on a closed Facebook Group, that manifests this approach to English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom meaningful literacy instruction. This study aims to produce empirically informed teaching materials…

This paper presents a novel methodology to determine textbook readability. The method mainly relies on students' lexical coverage to determine the readability level of textbooks, taking into consideration that readability depends primarily on vocabulary knowledge and that it is a function of lexical coverage in teaching English as a Foreign…

FOR SUCCESSFUL CURRICULUM REVISION REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF READING SKILLS IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM, THERE MUST BE CONTINUOUS EVALUATION OF EXISTING THEORIES AS WELL AS INVESTIGATION OF NEW ONES. AREAS WHICH HAVE ALREADY BEEN EVALUATED FOR THEIR USEFULNESS IN THE TEACHING OF READING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARE READABILITY FORMULAS, DIRECT…

The constituting elements of distance education are the course and the interaction between students and supporting organizations. Compared with students at traditional universities, distance students are generally older, have jobs, and often have families. In distance education, learners are usually isolated and want to broaden their education,…

Designed to help vocational teachers aid students in reading vocational education class materials, this handbook contains six sections of background information and suggested activities geared to various aspects of reading and a section of ideas for use in improving the reading skills of vocational students. While most of the examples in the…

This independent training manual, which is intended for individuals preparing to become adult literacy tutors in Pennsylvania, provides an introduction to the basic principles and techniques of tutoring adult literacy students. Presented first are a preface, definition of literacy, and tutor awareness inventory. The following topics are examined:…