To learn to read, the brain must repurpose neural systems for oral language and visual processing to mediate written language. We begin with a description of computational models for how alphabetic written language is processed. Next, we explain the roles of a dorsal sublexical system in the brain that relates print and speech, a ventral lexical…

A quarter century ago, Hanson (1989) asked, "Is reading different for deaf individuals?" (p. 85). Appealing to evidence available at the time, she argued that skilled deaf readers, like their hearing counterparts, relied on their knowledge of English structure, including phonological information. This perspective on the role phonology…

This article describes an approach to identifying, capturing, and implementing the active ingredients that account for the differences found when instructional and motivational research interventions are compared in empirical research. The goal of the article is to describe a research-to-practice model and questions that support the effective…

Effective reading instruction plays an important role in improving students' outcomes in reading achievement. This paper is designed to serve as a tutorial for translating the simple view of reading model into classroom practices for improving early reading instruction. This model is used as a framework for facilitating teachers' word…

This paper gives a short analysis of the nature of reading. Though it is generally believed that reading involves perceiving the written form of language, the term reading has not been clearly defined up to date. It is possible to see reading as a process, or to examine the product of that process. Three reading models, namely Bottom-up Model,…

This was a qualitative case study that compared data across six district-level literacy coaches' epistemological and ontological beliefs about how to teach reading. All six coaches were working as a cohort of literacy coaches on the development and implementation of a secondary reading intervention program for seventh-grade struggling readers.…

Research on subject matter instruction across the 20th century (e.g., Stevens, 1912; Bellack, 1966; Hoetker & Ahlbrand; 1969; Gall, 1970; Langer, 1999; Mehan, 1979; Nystrand, 1997;) reveals a preponderance of teacher-directed lecture, recitation, and round-robin reading of text in place of instruction that focuses on reading-to-learn, thinking,…

Refutes the questions raised by Tuinman and Blanton in this issue concerning his reading comprehension model and its validation. Restates his purpose for examining this area of reading. Tables and bibliography. (RW)

A study evaluated the higher order thinking skills model developed at the Mid-continent Regional Educational Laboratory. A primary thesis of the thinking skills model is that the majority of the cognitive skills considered relevant to academic success can be categorized into three distinct groups: (1) learning-to-learn skills, (2) content thinking…

A study was conducted to determine whether a particular definition or definitions of reading comprehension were widely held by teachers at the elementary and secondary school levels. One hundred forty-seven teachers responded to a questionnaire ranking eight definitions of reading comprehension from most agreeable to least agreeable. The…

Presents a model of generative reading comprehension stating that learning to read with comprehension involves acquiring and using some of the same generative skills needed to learn to write. (JL)

Presents a model of introducing content area reading strategies to preservice teachers, which goes beyond simply presenting instructional strategies to show novices how to match strategies to the teaching situation. (SR)

The Anna Plan is a unique delivery model for enhancing schoolwide literacy instruction in the primary grades. Based on the principles of Reading Recovery and Four Blocks literacy instruction, it provides supplementary reading instruction through the distinctive use of teaching staff. Over six years, it has resulted in sweeping changes in the way…

Documents a model that resulted from an analysis of context clues to determine which were amenable to instruction and what pedagogical approach should be used. (DD)

Proposes a model of rationalization, reification, and alienation to explain teachers' reliance on commercial materials during their reading instruction. (AEA)