Open inquiry offers students the opportunity to gain 21st century skills and expose them to science practices advocated by Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). While this raises the bar from lower-level inquiry classes, students initially struggle with open inquiry, because they do not know what to expect as they shift from a teacher-directed…

International comparisons reveal that lower-secondary-level students in Austria perform below the OECD mean in science. Guided by the search for remedies and improvements in science teaching, this study investigates whether cross-age peer tutoring is an appropriate method for teaching physics. A modern and concise definition of peer tutoring is…

This article systematically reviews research on the achievement outcomes of three types of classroom approaches to improving the reading achievement of students in grades 2-5: Reading curricula, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and instructional process programs. Study inclusion criteria included use of randomized or matched control groups,…

This paper examines research on peer mentoring programs, highlighting their benefits and noting conditions and components of successful programs. Research shows that elementary peer mentoring programs can increase the use of critical thinking skills, interpersonal skills, and conflict resolution skills. Studies also highlight the benefits of…

Peer tutoring and cross-age tutoring are two student-to-student tutoring methods. Peer tutoring occurs when tutors and tutees are of the same age. Cross-age tutoring refers to older students tutoring younger students. Studies of cross-age tutoring have reported improved academic performance for both tutors and tutees. The present study was…

Theoretical considerations for peer and cross-age tutoring are presented, essential inqredients for effective programs are offered, and a practical approach used by consulting teachers to design and implement a cost-effective tutoring program in Barre, Vermont is described. Benefits for the tutor and tutee are pointed out, including that tutoring…

This article presents three related evaluation studies looking at the effectiveness on achievement and motivation of Reading Together, a cross-age peer-tutoring reading program. The effects on tutees, tutors, teachers, and parents were monitored. The advantages of Reading Together began to accrue during the second and third phases of the program.…

This practicum project developed and implemented a program to teach young children reading readiness skills before they entered first grade. A target group of 20 students ranging in age from 4 to 6 years old in an elementary school kindergarten class was established for the program. During the 12-week implementation, the target group participated…

This manual assists teachers in integrating three major components into a law-related education program: classroom visits by resource people, student field experience, and peer or cross-age teaching. Material is divided into five sections. A rationale for law-related education and background information on the Constitutional Rights Foundation are…

The general objective of this project is to enhance the educational and psycho-social development of seventh and eighth grade students who are experiencing learning or psycho-social deficits. This is accomplished through a meaningful tutorial relationship with a senior citizen aide. Together, the adolescent student and tutor create educational…

An operational description of the 1973-74 Buddy-Tutor Project at Hilo Intermediate School in Hilo, Hawaii and an evaluative assessment of its outcome with statistical treatment of the data is provided in this report. This project is an exploratory behavioral intervention program for educationally deprived students and focuses its efforts on the…

A summary and highlight of the significant developments, major accomplishments and important research findings of the three years of operation of the Honolulu Buddy System Project is contained in this document. In addition, the implications that the research data have generated, along with further directions to be explored are included. Most…